论汉晋之际道家思想的发展

The Development of the Taoist School at the Turn of the Han and the Jin Dynasties

汉晋之际是道家思想大发展的时期。大致上可分为四个阶段:东汉后期为第一阶段,是道家思想挣脱压抑,走向复兴的时期;第二阶段为曹魏正始年间,是《老子》学说大发展的时期;第三阶段为魏末西晋之时,是《庄子》学说大发展的时期;第四阶段是东晋时期,道家思想进一步走进宗教和社会生活,为道教的成熟提供理论基础,为佛教的中国化提供契合之点,在政治哲学、人生哲学、美学、庄园经济的发展等方面发挥着巨大的作用。

At the turn of the Han and the Jin Dynasties, there was speedy development of the Taoist school. It can be divided into four stages. The first was in the late Eastern Han Dynasty in which the school got rid of the yoke and gained its revival. The second was in the period of Zhengshi (during Three Kindom Period) in which the thought of Laozi further developed. The third was at the turn of the Wei and the Western Jin Dynasties when the philosophy of Zhuangzi became very popular. The fourth was during the Eastern Jin Dynasty when the Taoism penetrated more deeply into the religion and the social life. In this period, the school offered the theoretic foundation for the maturity of Taoist Religion and provided the opportunity and theoretic support for the sinification of Buddhism. It played a significant role in the evolution of the political thought, the philosophy, the aesthetics and the manorial economy.