干旱地区春小麦耗水量和节水措施的探讨

A STUDY AND DISCUSSION ON THE WATER CONSUMPTION AND WATER-SAVING TECHNIQUES FOR SPRING WHEAT IN THE ARID AREAS

本文研究了春小麦耗水量与产量的关系及其耗水规律,分析了土壤湿度、耗水量对春小麦生长发育的影响。结果表明:拔节至抽穗是春小麦的水分临界期,抽穗至成熟期耗水量最多,耗水模系数最大;产量与耗水量呈二次曲线关系,适宜土壤水分下限为:出苗至拔节期为田间持水量的70％—75％,拔节至抽穗期为60％—65％,抽穗至灌浆初期为55％—60％,灌浆初期至成熟期为50％—55％。本文还对春小麦覆盖地膜的节水增产原因及效果进行了探讨,提出了黑河流域春小麦节水增产的技术措施及进一步研究的意见。

In the paper, the effects of soil moisture and water consumption on the growth and development of spring wheat have been analysed and the relationships between water consumption and yield have been studied, as well as the laws of them. The results show that the critical period of water requirement appears from elongation to heading stage, the values of water consumption and the ratio of stage water consumption to total water consumption was greatest during the heading to maturity; the relationships between yield and water consumption can be expressed by using typical quadratic function curves. The suitable low limits of soil moisture are as follows: 70%-75%(soil moisture/field capacity) from emergence to elongation, 60%-65% from elongation to heading, 55%-60% from heading to initial milking stage and 50%-55% from initial stage of milking to maturity. The causes and effects of water-saving and yield-increasing for spring wheat covered with plastic film have also been discussed. The water-saving and yield-increasing measures for spring wheat in Heihe river drainage areas, along with the suggestions for the further study, have been proposed.