多个恒牙先天缺失的缺牙特点分析

Clinical characteristic analysis of oligodontia

目的比较分析严重恒牙先天缺失病例的缺牙特点,为临床工作提供参考。方法对37例多个恒牙(≥6个)先天缺失的病例按临床表现分为综合征型和单纯型先天缺牙两组,从恒牙先天缺失数目、牙位分布、余留牙畸形及牙齿大小等方面比较分析严重先天缺牙的表型特点。结果综合征型先天缺牙比单纯型先天缺牙在平均缺牙数目、现存牙齿合并畸形上都表现得更为严重(P<0.05);两组严重缺牙患者先天恒牙缺失的牙位分布在上下颌和左右侧之间均无差别(P>0.05),缺失牙位均呈对称分布,但最易缺失的牙位有所不同;严重先天缺牙患者现存恒牙牙冠宽度较正常值偏小(P<0.05)。结论多个恒牙先天缺失包含复杂的临床表现,综合征型与单纯型的严重先天缺牙在口腔缺牙特点上有明显差异,值得临床鉴别参考。

Objective To compare and analyze clinical characteristics of oligodontia. Methods A total of 37 patients with six 6 or more permanent teeth congenitally missing were divided into two groups based on their clinical symptoms. The number, distribution, abnormality, and size of missing teeth and existent teeth were examined and analyzed. Results A higher number of teeth were absent and more existent teeth were malformed in patients with oligodontia/S (oligodontia as a part of a syndrome) than in patients with oligodontia/I (oligodontia as an isolated symptom). The difference was statistically significant at ( P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the number of missing teeth on maxilla and mandible nor on left and right sides between the two groups ( P > 0.05) . The distribution of missing teeth was symmetrical bilateralery in both groups, but the frequencies of tooth loss were different. In the oligodonita/I group, the mean mesiodistal dimensions of all type of existent teeth were significantly smaller than a normal value ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Severe rates of congenial missing teeth comprises clinical symptoms. The characteristics of oligodontia are different between the oligodontia/S and oligodontia/I groups. Different clinical procedures should be considered.