海岛城乡学龄前儿童适应行为及影响因素

A Contrast of Preschool Children′s Adaptive Behaviors and Influence Factors Between Towns and the Countries in Haidao

目的 了解舟山海岛城乡学龄前儿童适应行为的现况及影响因素。方法 采用儿童适应行为评定量表(CABS) ,调查舟山市城市与农村 3～ 6岁的学龄前儿童共 10 2 2名 ,并采用自拟的学龄期儿童适应行为影响因素问卷对其父母进行调查。结果 城乡学龄前儿童其适应能力商数 (ADQ)分级的构成比有显著性差异 ,ADQ分级 :强者、边界和平常者 ,城区与农村间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 1)。城区学龄前儿童其适应行为量表的各分量表 :生活自理、语言发展、个人取向、社会责任、时空定向、经济活动和独立功能因子、认知功能因子、社会 /自制因子及ADQ与农村学龄前儿童间差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 0 1)。学龄前儿童的ADQ的主要影响因素 ,城市组依次为母孕期情况、父母婚姻关系、幼儿期疾病、亲子交流、父母教育方式、是否寄养、父母亲的职业 ;农村组依次为幼儿期疾病、父母离异、母亲文化程度、亲子关系。结论 海岛地区城市学龄前儿童适应能力比农村儿童强。学龄前儿童适应行为发展水平受多种因素影响 ,应采取综合措施进行相对性干预。

Objective In order to learn the present situation of preschool children′s adaptive behaviors and influence factors between towns and the countries in Haidao of Zhoushan city.Methods By Scale of Child Adaptive Behavior (CABS),we investigated 1,022 children ranging from 3 years old to 6 years old in towns and countries in Zhoushan city. We also inquired their parents with self-made questionnaire on the factors which may influence children′s adaptive behaviors.Results We found Adaptive Behavior Quotient (ADQ) and scores of most subscales were quite different between preschool children in towns and in the countries. ADQ mainly included strong, boundary and normal, there was significant difference between towns and the countries (P<0.01).The diversity in towns was mainly shown in the following aspects: taking care of themselves, language development, individual choice, social responsibility, space-time orientation, economic activity and the factor of independence function,cognition and self-control, which were obviously different from those in the countries (P<0.001).We also got some major influence factors about their different ADQ. In the town,the factors are the mother pregnant situation,parents′ relationship,infancy disease,communication with parents,parents′ educating,foster age experience,parent′s vocation and so on. While in the countryside,besides the disease and communication,divorce, mother′s education and relationship between parents and children are also the major factors.Conclusion Preschool children′s ability to adapt in the town is stronger than in the country. There are so many factors affecting children′s adaptive behaviors,we should take some measures to intervene relatively.