由现场勘查的性质反思我国刑事立案制度

A Review on China's Criminal Case-filing System from the Nature of the Site Inspection

现场勘查是侦查破案的起点和基础 ,是获取侦查线索和犯罪证据的重要途径 ,在刑事诉讼中的地位十分重要。我国传统理论、相关法律和司法实践均笼统认为 ,现场勘查的内涵是对现场进行的实地勘验、检查 ,现场勘查的性质是侦查活动。现场勘查之内容应包括现场实地勘验和现场访问 ,从其性质看 ,立案前的现场勘查和非犯罪事件现场勘查也应属于侦查活动 ,但刑事立案制度的存在使其实然性质又不是侦查活动 ,因此立案制度有其不合理性 。

The site inspection is the starting point and foundation of investigating and solving a case, an important way to obtain the investigation clue and crime evidence and takes a significant position in criminal suit. In our traditional theory, relevant laws and judicial practice, the connotation of site inspection is generally regarded as the investigating and checking on the spot and the nature of the site inspection is the investigation. The content of the site inspection should include investigation on the spot and paying a visit to the spot. From its nature, the site inspection before case-filing and that of non-criminal incident should be included in the investigation activities, but the existence of criminal case-filing system make it positive nature not actual investigation activities, thus the above system is unreasonable, and investigation is proposed to be defined as the starting point of the criminal suit.