生物恐怖威胁特点及医学防御对策

Characteristics and prophylactic strategy against bioterrorism

20 0 1年发生于美国的炭疽芽孢邮件事件引起了人们对生物战剂恐怖威胁的关注 ,也对生物恐怖剂的医学防范和流行病学的科学认识提出了挑战 ,因此 ,公共健康和医学工作者迫切需要了解生物恐怖袭击引起损害的预防和治疗措施。本文介绍了生物恐怖的概念、特点、恐怖活动可能使用的生物战剂清单 ,以及炭疽杆菌、鼠疫耶尔森菌、天花病毒、出血热病毒、肉毒毒素等A类生物战剂的致病特征以及医学防护对策。

Postal distribution of anthrax spores in 2001 in the USA has raised public health concern about terrorist attack using biological agents. The attack challenged medical preparation and scientific understanding of the epidemiology of biothreat agents. There is an urgent need for public health and medical personnel to have a clear understanding of the possible agents and appropriate therapy or prophlaxis. This article provides a brief overview of the definition and nature of bioterrorism, the list of pathogens likely to be used by bioterrorists to adversely affect human health, the characteristics of category A agents including bacillus anthrax, Yersinice pestis, smallpox virus, hemorrhagic fever virus, botulinum toxin and appropriate measures to prevent bioterrorism or to limit its consequences.