近50年首都圈沙尘暴的变化趋势及其与气温、降水和风的关系

Dust Storms Trend in the Capital Circle of China over the Past 50 Years and Its Correlation with Temperature, Precipitation and Wind

利用首都圈地区 11个基本和基准气象台站近 5 0年的观测资料 ,给出了这 11个台站自建站至 2 0 0 0年沙尘暴发生日数的年际变化序列 ,并分析了其与气温、降水和风的关系 .结果表明 :首都圈沙尘暴具有很大的时空差异 ,西北部沙尘暴日数明显多于东南部 .沙尘暴发生日数的年际波动很大 ,同一站点最多年份与最少年份相差几十倍 .二连浩特、阿巴嘎旗、锡林浩特、丰宁、张家口、怀来和北京等 7个气象站自建站至 2 0 0 0年的沙尘暴日数呈显著的下降趋势 ,其余 4个气象站没有显著的上升或下降趋势 .首都圈地区沙尘暴季节性显著 ,多集中在春季 .与沙尘暴日数相关性最强的是起沙风日数 ,有 6个站点的沙尘暴日数同起沙风日数呈显著的正相关 ;其次是气温 ,有 3～ 4个站点的沙尘暴日数与年均温、冬季均温和春季均温呈显著负相关 ;降水量与沙尘暴日数的相关性最弱 ,只有朱日和 1个站点与春季降水量呈显著负相关 .另外有 4个站点的沙尘暴日数与气温、降水和风均没有显著的相关关系 .根据上述研究结果就首都圈沙尘暴的时空变异性及其与气候因素的关系等问题进行了讨论 .

The trends of number of dust storm days of the selected 11 meteorological stations from their established year to 2000 as well as their correlations with temperature, precipitation and wind are revealed. The number of dust storm days of the Capital Circle of China is distinctly variable in space and time. The numbers of dust storm days of the western area are far more than those of the eastern area. The interannual variability of number of dust storm days is remarkable. The number of dust storm days of the following 7 stations, Erlianhaote, Abaga, Xilinhaote, Fengning, Zhangjiakou, Huailai and Beijing, declined along the past decades, but those of the other four stations had no significant upward or downward trends. There is a marked seasonality of the number of dust storm days, and the maximum was in April. The correlation between number of dust storm days and number of days of mean wind velocity >5 m/s, which is critical wind velocity to entrain sand into the air, was strongest among the three climatic factor. There were significant positive correlations between the number of dust storm days and number of days of mean wind velocity >5 m/s in 6 stations. The second strongest climatic factor correlated with the number of dust storm days is temperature. There are significant negative correlations between the number of dust storm days and mean annual temperature, mean winter temperature, mean spring temperature in 3 or 4 stations. The correlation between the number of dust storm days and precipitation is weakest. Only one station, Zhurihe, showes significant negative correlation between the number of dust storm days and spring rainfall. There are 4 stations whose number of dust storm days don't significantly correlate with the climate. In the end, the spatial-temporal variability of dust storms and its relation with climate in the Capital Circle of China were discussed thoroughly.