基因相关研究与诺贝尔奖

Gene Studies and Nobel Prize

基因是能够表达和产生基因产物(蛋白质或RNA)的DNA序列。到2003年为止,因为研究基因而获得诺贝尔奖的共有51人,其中获生理学或医学奖44人(占生理学或医学总获奖人数178的24 72%)、化学奖7人(占化学总获奖人数123的5.69%)。文章从6个方面对此作了评述:果蝇是基因研究的良好材料;DNA双螺旋模型的提出为基因研究提供了坚实基础;基因调控研究阐明了基因的许多功能;遗传学中心法则造就了11位获奖者;基因工程技术使人们有可能改造和利用基因;基因特性的深入研究使人们更加容易理解许多生命现象。

Gene is a DNA sequence which can be expressed and produces gene products (protein or RNA).By 2003, there are 51 Nobel Prize owners related to gene studies.Among them, 44 persons are in physiology or medicine (account for 24.72% of total 178), seven persons are in chemistry (account for 5.69% of total 123).The paper reviews them in following six aspects:Drosophlie melanogaster is a good material for gene study; the double helix model of DNA structure provides a hard foundation in gene study; the studies on gene regulation illuminate many functions of gene; genetic central dogma researches created 11 Noble Prize laureates; gene engineering technologies make possible to modify and use genes; and the thorough studies of gene characteristic made us easier to understand many life phenomena.