山东省小学新生预防接种状况调查

Investigation on Vaccination Status of New Primary School Students in 2002 in Shandong

目的了解山东省2002年儿童入学查验预防接种证制度执行情况和新入小学儿童的常规免疫接种状况。方法采用横断面调查方法,对济南(城区常住儿童A小学、流动儿童B小学)、泰安(计免工作开展较好和一般的农村C、D小学)和菏泽市(计免工作开展较差农村E小学)的5所小学共889名2002年入学新生常规免疫接种记录进行调查。结果只有济南市城区的2所小学新生入学时进行体检和查验接种证,但查验接种证仅限于形式,要求不严格;5所小学家庭预防接种证持有率常住儿童和流动儿童分别为6087%、3832%,学校以A小学最高,E小学最低,分别为8670%和1393%;C和D小学无接种证者,均能在乡镇卫生院查到其接种卡。新生的平均卡疤率为8493%。常住儿童BCG、OPV、DPT、MV基础免疫全程接种率均在90%左右,但加强免疫接种率较低,HepB基础免疫全程接种率E小学最低,仅为268%;流动儿童各种疫苗接种率均低于常住儿童,在40%左右。结论建立并严格执行儿童入托入学查验接种证制度,加强各种疫苗的基础免疫和加强免疫及时上证、上卡工作,提高农村计免薄弱地区各种疫苗的免疫接种率,制定流动儿童计划免疫管理的措施。

Objective To investigate the vaccination status of new primary school students in 2002 in Shandong Province Methods The immunization records of all first grade new students were surveyed in 5 primary schools including 889 students in Jinan, Taian and Heze 2 urban primary schools were selected in Jinan: 1 school in an area serving an established resident population (A school) and 1 school with large numbers of poor rural floating population (B school) In Taian, 2 rural schools were selected: 1 school in an area with good routine immunization services (C school) and 1 school in an area with average routine immunization services (D school) In Heze, 1 school that was located in an area with very poor routine immunization services was selected (E school) Results The system of checking the immunization status of all children entering primary school and offering them another opportunity for immunization were only set up in 2 urban primary schools of Jinan, but it is not implemented exactly 60 87% of 1 st grade children had immunization cards in their families in resident children, but only 38 32% in floating children, and 13 93% in E school The students' immunization records were founded in township hospitals whose immunization cards were not effered by families in C and D school The positive rarte of BCG scar in all new students was 84 93% The full-course coverage rates of BCG、OPV、DPT、MV were 90% or so in resident children, but the booster rates were lower (67%-88%), and in E school, the full-course coverage rates of hepatitis B vaccine was only 2 68% In floating children, the full-course coverage rates of above mentioned four vaccines were only 40% or so Conclusion The immunization records checking system should be established and implemented exactly in all schools Booster immunization of OPV, DPT and MV should be enhanced and immunization records should be registered, in addition, hepatitis B vaccination coverge should be improved in weak EPI rural areas