生态足迹方法及其在城市交通环境影响评价中的应用

Ecological Footprint Method and Its Application to Evaluating Influence of Urban Transportation to Environment

在分析生态足迹方法原理的基础上 ,根据生态足迹方法 ,估算了 2 0 0 2年北京市城市交通的生态足迹 .结果表明 :私家车的总生态足迹是公共汽车的总生态足迹的 5 .67倍 .说明私家车对生态环境的威胁和压力最为严重 .从城市交通土地利用类型分析表明 :各类交通工具的林地生态足迹和能源用地的生态足迹在总生态足迹中居主导地位 ,分别约占 5 0 % .据此得出优先发展城市公共交通 。

Ecological Footprint (EF) method is a new prevailing method to quantify the stress on natural ecosystems from human activities in recent years. It can quantify the pressure and effect of human transportation activities on natural ecosystems by using EF method and by which it can judge the health situation of urban transportation. Based on the analysis of principle of EF method, this paper estimates the EF of urban transportation of Beijing city in 2002 using EF method. The results indicate that total EF of private cars is roughly 5.67 times langer than that of buses. This shows that private vehicles have more threat and pressure to eco-environment than that of public vehicles. Furthermore, probing into the land use patterns of urban transportation indicates that the ecological footprint of forest land and energy land account for 50% respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage the public transportation development preferentially and restrict the private vehicles reasonably in order to achieve sustainable development for urban transportation.