如何认识中国新社会结构

How to Understand New Social Structure in China

中国经济持续快速增长 ,既受政府引导、市场推动 ,又是社会结构转型的结果。相对于过去的二元社会结构 ,我国日趋多元化的社会结构可称为“新社会结构”。其中 ,知识阶层、私有阶层、管理阶层都是新兴社会阶层 ,他们和工人阶层一样都呈扩张态势 ,只有农民阶层的规模在不断缩小。新兴社会群体的阶层化、基本阶层的局部弱势化、先富群体的政治化、中等收入者群体的扩大化 ,是新社会结构的主要发展趋势。新社会结构的运行机制 ,表现为人力资本日趋制度化的显性升值 ,同时也出现了部分权力“资本化”与非制度化的隐性升值现象。当前 ,我国社会结构转型的目标 ,是进一步扩大中等收入者群体的规模 ,形成中层较大、底层与高层较小的“橄榄型”结构。同时 ,促使社会结构进一步弱化刚性、扩大弹性 ,增强社会阶层的“换位机制” ,建立和谐社会。

The sustaining and rapid growth of Chinese economy is on one hand guided by the government and boosted by the market, on the other hand the result brought by the change of the social structure. Relative to the past dual social structure, the multiplex social structure in our country can be called “new social structure”. Among it, the intellectual stratum, the private stratum, the managing stratum are the new social strata, just like the worker stratum, they tend to expand except that the peasant stratum is becoming smaller. The strata feature of the newly-rising social groups, the partial weakening of the basic strata, the political property of those being firstly rich, and the expansion of the group with medium income are the main developing tendencies in the new social structure. The running mechanism of the new social structure is reflected in the prominent appreciation in making the personnel capital systematic, at the same time reflected in the recessive appreciation in making partial power “capitalized” and unsystematic. At present, the aim to transform the social structure in our country is to further enlarge the scale of the group with medium income so as to form an “olive-shaped” social structure with the middle wide while the head and the bottom narrow. Meanwhile, it serves to promote the social society to further weaken the rigidity, to enlarge the flexibility, to strengthen the “transposition mechanism” of the social strata and to establish a harmonious society.