松辽流域水资源区域补偿对策研究

Study on Water Resources Compensation in Songliao River Basin

为了促进水资源的可持续利用,在分析松辽流域水资源与水环境现状的基础上,探讨了水资源的区域补偿对策,指出流域上、中、下游的用水量应统一调配,当上游地区超配额使用水资源时,超标使用地区应赔偿下游因此而受到的消极影响;跨区域调水时应对供水区进行资源与环境的补偿;流域上游进行生态恢复与建设,下游应对上游给予受益补偿;建立全流域排污权市场,促使企业产生节约水环境资源的动机,有效控制水环境污染;受益地区和受益者应对蓄滞洪区分洪的损失进行补偿,以实现对流域水资源的利益共享、责任共担。

Songliao River Basin is one of the regions in northern China where water resource is short and water pollution and waste are very serious with constant water dispute following the construction of water conservancy projects.In order to ensure the sustainable utilization of water resources,water resources compensation system should be established.Water resources compen-sation can control water pollution and waste effectively and maintain stability and development of the neighbouring areas.The measures of water resources compensation identified in the paper are:to unify distribution of water consumption in the upper,middle and lower reaches of the basin,when the consumed amount exceeds the quota allocated in the upper reaches,the upper reaches will give the compensation to the lower reaches for the passive effect;in interregional water transfer those who develop and manage water resources or derive benefit should be responsible for the protecting,restoring and remedying the environment;when the eco-recons-truction takes place in the upper reaches,the lower reaches should give the compensation to the upper reaches for the ecological benefit;to establish the unloading right market in the whole basin to promote enterprises to save water resources and control water pollution effectively;and both the beneficiaries and intake areas should give the compensation to the storage and deten-tion zones.