锡林河流域生态系统服务价值变化研究

Research on Changes in Value of Ecosystem Services in Xilin River Basin

论文采用Costanza等人的生态系统服务评价方法对锡林河流域生态系统服务功能价值变化进行研究,结果表明,在1987～2000年的13年间,锡林河流域各类生态系统每年提供的服务总价值下降了31.6%,其中,草原生态系统服务价值从5.13×108美元降至4.38×108美元,下降13.3%;湿地生态系统服务的总价值由2.62×108美元下降为0.9×108美元,下降了65.1%;而农田生态系统服务价值由0.01×108美元上升到0.03×108美元,增加了200%。在草原生态系统服务功能总价值中,绣线菊草原、贝加尔针茅草原、羊草杂草类草原和羊草丛生禾草草原等优质草原所占的比重在逐渐减小,克氏针茅草原、冷蒿草原等退化类型所占的比重在逐渐增加,说明锡林河流域草原生态系统退化严重。该流域生态系统服务功能价值的下降与生态系统的退化和面积的减小有关。

The change in value of ecosystem services in Xilin River Basin was studied using the ways that Costanza et al evaluated ecosystem services.The result showed that from 1987 to 2000, the total value of ecosystem services in Xilin River Basin decreased by 31.6%.Of all the ecosys-tems,the ecosystem services value of grassland dropped to 4.38×108$ from 5.13×108$;the ecosystem services value of wetland dropped to 0.9×108$ from 2.62×108$,and that of cropland rised to 0.03×108$ from 0.01×108$. Among the total value of grassland ecosystem services,the ratios of F.sibiricum steppe,S.baicalensis steppe,A.lymus + bunchgrass steppe and A.lymus + forbs steppe decreased from 1987 to 2000 and those of S.krylavii steppe and Ar.frigida steppe increased,indicating clearly that the steppe ecosystem in Xilin River Basin is degenerating seriously.It was concluded that the decline in value of ecosystem services in Xilin River Basin was resulted from the degradation of ecosystems and the decrease in area of the natural ecosys-tems.