埃塞俄比亚人工林发展概况

A General Introduction to the Development of Plantation in Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚是一个森林资源比较贫乏的国家,其人工林的发展已取得令人瞩目的成就。从1895年引种桉树以来,桉树已成为该国最重要的造林树种。人工林较好地解决了薪炭材和其它林产品的短缺问题。桉树人工林已成为埃塞俄比亚林产品的主要提供者。

Ethiopia is a development country destitute of forest resources. In the past she wasone one of the most under--development countries. But in recent decades magnificent achi- evements have been made in establishing plantations. Since 1895, the introduced Eucalypthas become the most important tree species used in afforestation. The establishment of Eu-calypt plantations leads to a better solution of the shortage of fuelwood and other forestproducts. Eucalypt plantation become a primary source of forest products. The key points ofher successful experiences are as follows: (1) according to the particular national conditions,the main objective in forest development is to solve the problem of fuelwood shortage, and toactively introduce the fast growing tree species. The preferential policy promulgated by go-vernment is to encourage the farmers to be engaged in forest production, by supplying themwith tree seeds and rendering them technical service free of charge, and by exempting themfrom payment of land tax when it is used for Eucalypt planting. (2) In exotic introduction,emphasis is placed on scientific experiment. In comparative emperiment on tree species andin choosing suitable species for suitable localities, species well adapted to home natural cond-itions are selected. By adopting container seedlings and practicing intensive maganement andcontrol of stands with short rotation (3～5 year) the Eucalypt becomes a popular species ex-tensively planted in the country. (3) The government calls for foreign investment throughdifferent channels for development of home forestry and cooperates with foreign countries orinternational organizations in establishinS the fast growing plantation.