氮素运筹技术对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application Techniques on Grain Yield and Quality in Winter Wheat

研究结果表明 ,施氮量与籽粒产量、蛋白质含量均呈二次抛物线关系。籽粒产量的临界施氮量小于籽粒蛋白质含量的临界施氮量 ,0～ 2 33.1kg/hm2 为产量和蛋白质含量的同步增长区 ,2 33.1～ 2 71.4kg/hm2 为异步徘徊区 ,2 71.4kg/hm2 以上为同步下降区。增施氮肥能提高籽粒麦谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白的含量及籽粒麦谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白的比值 ,同时显著提高籽粒湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间和面团拉伸度。氮肥基施与追施相结合有利于提高籽粒产量和品质 ,以基施、拔节和孕穗期 3次施肥效果最佳。适当加大中后期氮肥施用比例 ,对提高小麦籽粒营养和加工品质有着重要的作用。

The test with Wanmai 19 in 2003-2004 showed that the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was in relation of quadric curved lines with grain yield and grain protein content. A critical N quantity on grain protein content was more than that on grain yield. The nitrogen range from 0-233.1 kg/ha was the simultaneous increase period for both grain yield and grain protein content.The range from 233.1-271.4 kg/ha was the period for the increase of grain protein content but decrease of grain yield. The range over 271.4 kg/ha was the decrease period for both grain yield and grain protein content.The content of gliadin and glutenin,the ratio of glutenin and gliadin were improved by increasing nitrogen fertilizer applied. The gluten content, the dough stability time and the dough extension were also increased.Combination of base munure and top dressing could be favor to improve the yield and grain quality,with the bast effect at base,jointing and booting stages. With more nitrogen applied after mediumand late stage, the nutrient and industrial quality were improved significantly.