东京国立博物馆针灸铜人研究的突破与反思

Breakthrough in and Reflection on the Study of the Bronze Acupuncture Statue in Tokyo’s National Museum of Japan

对现藏于日本东京博物馆的等身高针灸铜人, 20世纪 90年代之前,中日学者多认为系由中国古代传去的———或以为是宋天圣铜人,或认为是明正统仿宋铜人。1989年日本学者根据新发现的关于日本幕府医学馆针灸医官铸针灸铜人的史料记载,对这具针灸铜人的制作年代及制作者提出了新的观点,但仅此一条史料还无法解释其他相关的疑团。近年来作者从该铜人外形特征、经穴数量、穴名书写特征、经穴归经以及经穴定位特点等方面进行了系统的考察,以大量更直接的证据及可靠的旁证证明:该铜人系日本幕府医学馆针灸医官奉幕府之命,于 1809至 1819年间铸造。

As regards the Japanese bronze acupuncture statue now preserved in Tokyo's National Museum,the majority of scholars of China and Japan had been of the opinion before the 1990s that it had been transmitted from ancient China either as a Song Dynasty's Tiansheng bronze statue or as a Ming Dynasty's Zhengtong bronze statue in the Song style.In 1989,based on a newly-found historical record about a bronze acupuncture statue cast by Japanese acupuncture officials in the national medical school,some Japanese scholars advanced a new view on its age of production and its producer.But this single evidence is unable to explain other related questions.In recent years,the author of this papaer has conducted systematic investigations in many aspects,such as the characteristics of its appearance,the number of acupoints, the writing of acupoint names,meridian entry and location. A lot of more direct and reliable evidences have proved that it was cast during 1809 to 1819 by the Japanese medical officials under the imperial government's order.