酶在洗涤剂中的应用现状及展望

Status and prospect of application of enzymes in detergent products

论述了洗涤剂用酶的发展史和常用4种酶(特别是纤维素酶)的特性、去污机理、功能和应用现状。指出了近年来洗涤剂用酶的动向:开发具有耐氧化性、低温下活性高、对洗涤剂和洗涤环境适应性好的变异蛋白酶已商品化;一些反应性更好,对油污吸附性更强的改良脂肪酶已出现;一类在高碱性、低温介质中能充分保持活性的淀粉酶正在积极开发中;一类纤维素复合体可以分解棉纤维表面的毛球正在开发中;一种对纤维损伤较小的护色的酶制剂进入实用阶段;一种可有效防止再污染,能与棉质衣料作用产生其他不同效果的独特酶制剂正在引起同行注意。今后,随着洗涤剂种类和用途的变化,用多种不同的酶制剂复配的复合型加酶洗涤剂品种将源源不断地上市,洗涤剂中酶制剂的用量不断增加、化学物质总量尽量降低将成为加酶洗涤剂发展的趋势。

The history of the development of detergent enzymes as well as the features,soil removal mechanism,functions and application status of the four types of detergent enzyme(particularly focused on cellulase)were presented.The recent trends of detergent enzymes were introduced.The protease variant that has the features of anti-oxidation,low temperature active,good compatibility to detergent ingredients and washing environment has been commercialized.Some improved lipases that have better reactivity,stronger adsorbability to the oily soils have appeared in the market.A kind of amylase that can maintain its adequate activity in high alkaline and low temperature conditions is developing actively.A kind of complex cellulase that can hydrolyze the pills and fuzz on the surface of cotton fibers is developing.A kind of color care enzyme that has less damaging effect to the fibers has come to practical application stage.A unique kind of enzyme that can result in different effects on cotton clothes is noticed by the people in this field.Following the changes occurred with respect to the types and applications of the detergent products,detergent formulated with different kinds of complex enzymes will enter the market (consecutively.)The increase of the dosage of the enzymes accompanied with the decrease of dosage of total chemical ingredients will be the trends of the development of enzyme-added detergent products.