语用学的新视角——语用综观与顺应

A New Concept of Pragmatics: A Perspective on Language and Adaptation Theory

本文对维索尔伦(Verschueren)在他的著作《语用学新解》(1999)中提出的语用综观说加以阐述。语用综观说把语用学看作是语言功能的综观,比传统的把语用学看作是语言学的一个分支来研究更加科学。顺应论是语用综观说的核心内容:使用语言的过程就是选择语言的过程。顺应论从认知、社会和文化的功能的视角对语言使用进行描述和解释。因为语言具有变异性、商讨性和顺应性,语言使用者能够在使用语言的过程中做出种种选择。根据语用综观说和顺应论,要从四个方面描述和解释语言的使用,即语境关系的顺应、语言结构的顺应、顺应的动态性和顺应的意识程度。用语言表达意义的过程是一个动态的过程,人们顺应的意识程度不同,语境和语言结构产生了变化。本文旨在阐述在这样的理论框架下如何运用这一全新的角度分析语用现象。

The present study, belonging to the scope of pragmatics, has centered its attention on new perspective on language put forward by Jef Verschueren. The pragmatic perspective specifies pragmatics as a general cognitive, social, and cultural perspective on linguistic phenomena in relation to their usage in forms of behavior. Adaptation theory describes and analyses language cognitively, socially and culturally. According to this perspective on language and adaptation theory, four aspects are of great importance: context, structure, dynamics and salience. Thus, this article has been intended to probe into the pragmatic perspective briefly.