论社会分工、企业分工和企业网络分工——对分工的再认识

On Division of Labor in Society, in Firms and in Firm Nets

社会分工是人类在生产过程中形成的一种生产关系 ,它的产生和发展是由社会生产力的发展所决定的。服务业的产生可以称为第四次社会分工。社会分工形成的机制是市场 ,在当前条件下 ,政府也参与社会分工的调节。企业内部分工是社会分工的产物 ,产生于工场手工业阶段。在资本主义条件下 ,企业内部分工是资本所有者的一种生产安排。社会分工与企业内部分工存在替代关系 ,二者的替代取决于这两种分工的生产效率。企业网络分工是介于社会分工和企业分工之间的一种分工 ,适合于具有密切联系和相互依赖的企业。随着经济发展和科学技术的进步 ,社会分工。

Division of labor is a most fundamental category in economics. 228 years ago, Adam smith discussed division of labor. This paper tries to analyse the issue and holds the following points: Social division of labor is a kind of productive relation which comes into being in the productive process of mankind. The development of productive force provides the division of labor with bearing conditions. The formation of service industry is the fourth division of labor in mankind society. Market has created the division and government regulates the social division too. Division of labor in firms is the result of division of labor in society. The inside divsion of labor in enterprises is a kind of arrangement of capital holders. The substitution between social divsion and enterprise division lies on the efficiency of the two. Division of labor in firm nets is a new type of division among firms which fits the tied firms. With the development of economy and technology, social division will develop and deepen all together.