经合组织国家教育改革中的放权及其启示

Decentralization Trend and Its Implication in the Educational Reform in OECD Member Countries

20世纪80年代以来,经济合作与发展组织国家对公立学校进行重构与放权的尝试,主要包括:重新定位国家的角色,中央政府权力下放;扩大下级中层机构对学校管理和监督的权力;扩大学校的自主权;扩大社区与家长参与学校事务的权力几方面。改革之后,更多的权力从中央下放到地方和具体的学校,在管理自身事务以及提高教育质量方面,地方与学校发挥着更大的作用,承担着更多的责任。针对当前我国教育管理体制改革的情况,政府应该着重进行四个方面职能的定位:政策的制定应有利于支持权力的下放;关注加强学校能力的建设;严格的督导与评价;鼓励改革与更新。

Since 1980s, the OECD member countries have been implementing the reorganization and decentralization of state-run schools. Such attempts include the-reorientation of the state's role by decentralizing the central government's power over education, the enlargement of the intermediate and lower-level educational authorities' inspection power over school management, the expansion of schools' autonomy and the promotion communities' and parents' participation in school affairs. Whiling given more power from the central government, the local educational authorities and schools are expected to play more important roles and bear more responsibilities in the management of school affairs and the improvement of educational quality. As to the reform of educational management system in China, the following four aspects should be emphasized in the reorientation of government's functions: making policy making more beneficial to the decentralization of power over educational management, due attention to the reinforcement of school capacity, .more strict educational inspection and evaluation and encouragement for educational reform and innovation.