目标焦点监控下目标信息的建构与整合

CONSTRUCTION AND INTEGRATION OF GOAL INFORMATION UNDER CONTROL OF GOAL-FOCUS

探讨文本阅读过程目标焦点监控下读者对目标信息的建构与整合。采用移动窗口技术 ,要求被试阅读 2 4篇含有主人公目标的记叙文 ,设计了子目标未实现、子目标曲折实现或子目标直接实现三种条件 ,对不同条件下目标启动句阅读时间进行分析。实验 1对子目标曲折实现与子目标未实现两种条件下目标启动句阅读时间进行比较 ,结果表明 ,曲折实现条件下目标启动句阅读时间长于未实现条件下目标启动句的阅读时间 ,说明在没有共振的情况下 ,目标启动句也可以激活先前的目标信息引发目标整合。实验 2比较在子目标曲折实现与子目标直接实现条件对目标启动句阅读时间 ,以探讨在目标焦点条件下是否对相关信息进行追随性建构 ,结果表明 ,曲折实现条件下目标启动句阅读时间与直接实现条件下目标启动句的阅读时间差异不显著 ,说明在目标焦点监控下可以发生阅读信息的追随性建构。本实验结果初步证明 ,阅读不同文本信息可能会引发不同的信息加工活动 。

Moving window display technique was used to investigate the construction and integration of goal information under the control of the goal-focus. Readers read 24 paragraphs, which conveyed two characters attempting to accomplish independent subgoals to achieve a joint main goal. In all conditions, the success of the first subgoal was manipulated. It was varied by changing the last one or two sentences of Subgoal 1 section. The next subgoal was always completed, and a subsequent target region described the second character attempting to execute the main goal. In E. Richard & M. Singer(2001) research, post-target sentence reading time was longer in the completed condition than in the uncompleted condition. The results suggested that the target sentence severed as signal primed the integration of goal information. Experiment 1 tested E. Richard & M. Singer(2001) study by changing directly competed condition into indirectly completed condition. The result indicated that the post-target sentence reading time was longer in the indirectly completed condition than in the uncompleted condition. The results suggested that the target sentence severed as signal did prime the integration of goal information. Experiment 2 explored whether readers constructed goal information under control of goal-focus in a here-and-now way. The result demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the post-target sentence reading time in the indirectly completed condition and in the directly completed condition. It was safe to say readers would construct goal information under control of goal-focus in the course of reading comprehension. This research generally indicated activation and integration of information was different with the changing of narration. Under control of goal-focus, the construction of information in reading would be a here-and-now way. Thus either the constructionist theory or memory-based text processing view only stated one facet of information processing in text reading.