华人人际关系的概念化——针对中国香港地区大学生的实证研究

THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF CHINESE GUANXI OF HONG KONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS BY USING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SCALING: AN EMPIRICAL APPROACH

以杨中芳所构建的华人人际关系概念化理论模型为蓝本 ,并采用以往的实证研究方法为基础 ,揭示了当代华人对人际关系如何进行概念化及其潜在的认知维度。杨氏模型认为华人人际关系主要由既定成分、情感成分和工具成分组成。该研究以中国香港地区的大学生为被试进行调查 ,首先采用访谈的形式 ,分家族、学校及日常生活情境建立人际关系清单。然后采用多维量法 (Multi dimensionalscaling)处理被试对关系进行分类的数据。结果发现 ,在不同的生活情境中 ,被试均依据情感程度对关系进行分类。在等级差异明显的家族和学校情境中 ,被试依据辈份和等级差异的突显性进行分类 ;而在等级差异小的生活情境中 ,则采用功利程度为标准。本文对被试在不同情境中所采用的不同维度进行了讨论 。

The present study empirically verified the theoretical model of Chinese interpersonal relationships (guanxi) proposed by C. F. Yang (1995, 1999). Yang suggested that guanxi can be distinguished between ascribed guanxi and interactive guanxi; and interactive guanxi is consisted of the affective and instrumental dimensions. 20 respondents were interviewed to develop a comprehensive list of 34 guanxi in the education domain and 38 guanxi in the daily-life domain. 48 guanxi were theoretically derived in the family domain. 101 university students then sorted these guanxi in these three domains separately. They also rated these guanxi on nine attributes including level of obligations, expressiveness, instrumentality, etc. The data were analyzed by multidimensional scaling. Results showed that guanxi in the family domain consisted of three dimensions, namely affectiveness, perception of bei, and reciprocity. However, guanxi in the education domain consisted of affectiveness and perception of hierarchical difference, and guanxi in the daily domain consisted of affectiveness and instrumentality. In general, these results supported Yang's model that affectiveness is a common factor in categorizing guanxi while different dimensions were used to categorize guanxi in different domains.