论自然资源管理制度创新

On Institutional Innovation in Natural Resources Management

在产权制度方面,对自然资源实行多种所有制与多元经济并存是克服我国严重存在的自然资源浪费的根本性制度措施。在税收制度方面,要从对劳动征税转向对经济活动中使用的自然资源征税,发挥税收的调节作用,向生产者和消费者发出正确的市场信息,使微观经济主体能够纠正落后的生产方式和消费方式,使其与自然资源管理目标一致。在价格制度方面,应该推进自然资源资产化管理,实行自然资源有偿使用制度,取消自然资源一级市场供给的双轨制,实行在政府监督下的完全市场化,按照市场游戏规则确立出让价格,积极推进自然资源勘探权、开采权招标拍卖制度,同时,要进一步规范自然资源二级市场,充分发挥市场配置自然资源的基础作用。在政府调控制度方面,必须相应强化政府宏观调控职能和微观的监控职能。

The institutional innovation of natural resources management has been an urgent affair in the pursuit of sustainable development of natural resources. This paper presents some ideas and proposals about the institutional innovation from three perspectives, i.e., the property right, the tax system, and the price system. The paper holds that, at the same time, a second-level market of natural resources should be further standardized so as to fully exert the fundamental part of the market system in collocating natural resources,and that the macro-control and microcosmic roles of the government must be strengthened.