论民事证据的认定及自由裁量权

On the Ascertainment and Discretion of Civil Evidence

证据制度是民事诉讼的核心。文章探讨了证人证言和鉴定结论这两种证据的具体认定规则;进而通过分析认为,相对于"主观真实"和"客观真实"而言,"法律真实"的证明要求有其积极的价值,但也容易导致打着"自由裁量"和"自由心证"的幌子行擅断和鱼肉百姓之实,以致影响法律的尊严,破坏法制的统一。文章对证人证言和鉴定结论证据的认定以及法官在证据认定中的自由裁量权均提出了相应的完善建议。

Evidence rule is the core of civil procedure. The article probes into the ascertainment rules on the witness testimony and expert conclusion in detail. Then through further analyses it holds the view that, compared to 'subjective truth' and 'objective truth', the proof demand of 'legal truth' has its positive values; on the other hand, in the guise of 'discretion' and 'free proof', the cases that the people are cruelly oppressed probably take place due to the subjective and groundless conclusion, which will affect the dignity of the law and destroy the unity of legal system. The article correspondingly suggests that the ascertainment of the witness testimony and expert conclusion evidence, along with a judge's discretion in the course of the evidence ascertainment, should be improved.