锌和氨氮对对虾肝胰脏的毒性作用

TOXICATION OF Zn^(2+)AND NH_5-N ON HEPATOPANCREAS OF PENAEUS ORIENT ALIS

本文研究了中国对虾经锌和氨氮的毒性作用后肝胰脏内部结构发生的变化和损伤。结果表明,当锌和氨氮的不同浓度试验液对对虾经不同时间的中毒试验后,构成对虾肝胰脏肝小管的细胞组成、肝小管结构等发生不同程度的变化和损伤。在低浓度的锌和氨氮试验液的毒性作用下,构成肝小管管壁的分泌细胞增多,吸收细胞减少,且分泌细胞内形成较多的分泌小泡;当经高浓度的试验液作用后,不但肝小管管壁内的吸收细胞减少,分泌细胞增多及产生大量分泌小泡,而且因分泌细胞的破裂解体导致部分肝小管损伤或破坏。文中并就对虾肝胰脏在锌和氨氮的毒性作用下发生的变化与肝胰脏自身的解毒作用机理进行了初步的探讨。

In this paper the toxication of Zn^(2+) and NH_3-H on hepatopancreasof the shrimp, Penaeus orientalis, was studied, the main results are as follows: 1. In acute Zn^(2+) toxic experiments, when the adult shrimp was exposed toZn^(2+) of 8.4 to 22.43mg/L, the secretory colls were increased and the resorptivecells were decreased. When the adult shrimp was exposed to Zn^(2+) of 31.66 to 63.41mg/L,the number of secretory cells of the hepatic tubule and the secretory vacuolein these cells increased obviously. Parts of hepatic tubule were distroyed and in-jured. 2. In subacute Zn^(2+) toxic experiments, when the adult shrimp exposed to theZn^(2+) of 0.18 to 0.38mg/L,the hepatopencreas seems not remarkably changed.Whenthe shrimp exposed to Zn^(2+) of 0.58 to 0.78mg/L,the increase in the number of thesecretory cells was proportional to the concentration. 3. The effects on the juvenile shrimp that exposed to low concentration ofZn^(2+) were similar to test on the adult exposed to high concentration. 4. In subacute NH_3--N toxic experiments of the adult shrimp carried out for15 days, during the first 7.5 days changes of the hepatopancreas were similar tosubacute Zn^(2+) toxic experiments. Next 7.5 days Changes of the hepatopancreaswere similar to acute Zn^(2+) experiments. As above, no matter whether the shrimp were exposed to test solutions of Zn^(2+) or NH_3--N,their toxication set up increase ofsecretory cells and decrease of resorptive cells in the hepatopancreas. When se-rious toxication parts of the hepatopancreas were distroyed and injured