问责制、最优预防与健康和安全管制的经济分析

Economic Analysis of Accountability Mechanism, Optimum Prevention,Health and Safety Regulation

作为民主政治制度的问责制首先在我国健康和安全管制领域引入而引起社会的广泛关注。虽然通过对官员的问责以追求一个最低乃至于零的事故概率,是一个人本政府理念的体现,但在既定的技术和资源条件下,这一追求并非是最优的选择。从效率上说,一个社会从而政府管制的最优预防水平,是在边际预防成本等于边际预期事故成本这一点上。所以,虽然问责制对中国民主政治制度的建设具有重要意义,但在健康和安全管制领域它并非是一个有效的制度安排。

As one of the democracy institutions, accountability mechanism has drawn the public's great attention due to its leading into the domain of health and safety regulation firstly in China. And it can pursue a lowest even zero accident probability by making official taking his accountability, which is the embodiment of anthropocentric government, however, at the given technology and resource, this is not the optimum choice. From the point of view of efficiency, the optimum prevention level for one community and government regulation is that the marginal prevention cost is equal to the marginal anticipated accident cost. Therefore, the accountability mechanism is of important significance for establishing Chinese democracy institution but is not the effective institutional arrangement in the domain of health and safety regulation.