天津地区表层土壤中菲系列化合物的分布特征和污染源分析

Distribution and Contaminant Source of Series Chemicals of Phenanthrenes in the Topsoil of Tianjin Area

通过野外采样法,分析了天津地区表层土壤中菲系列化合物中能反映污染物来源的地球化学参数(菲/蒽、甲基菲指数及甲基菲/菲)的空间分布特征,初步讨论了不同环境功能区多环芳烃污染物的来源。结果表明,天津市区、近郊区和汉沽、塘沽的污染物主要是汽车尾气、工业和生活燃煤等不完全燃烧产物的近源沉降;蓟县北部、宝坻西南部、武清西北部的污染物主要为北京地区的大气输入,此外由于当地工业和民用燃料以燃煤和木材燃烧为主,所以当地的煤烟型污染也有一定的贡献;三大排污河污灌区及其附近土壤中的主要污染物为工业油类;大港区的主要污染物是随风迁移来的煤燃烧的产物,而大港油田在开发储运过程中的原油泄露造成的污染贡献并不显著。静海县土壤中的主要污染物为远距离迁移而来的化石燃料的燃烧产物。

The distribution characteristics of phenanthrene concentration, chemical composition of phenanthrene and its homologous series in surface soil fromTianjin region were investigated. The pollution sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon(PAHs) in surface soil samples collected from different geographic locations with various surrounding environment were discussed according to some geochemistry parameters, including phenanthrene/ anthracene(P/A), methylphenanthrene index 1 (MPI1) and methylphenanthrene/ phenanthrene (MP/P) that usually were used to predict the pollution sources. The result showed that the PAHs contaminant in the surface soil of Tianjin urban, Tanggu and Hangu district mainly originated from vehicles and coal burning production. The PAHs pollutant in the surface soil from northwest of Wuqing, north of Jixian and southwest of Baodi mainlyresulted from the production of coal and wood burning in this place and the settling matter of atmospheric that transported from the other areas through long distance. The major contaminant source of PAHs in the surface soil of the three sewage river flooding areas was the crude oil mainly originated from industry waste water in Tianjin, Beijing sewage river flooding areas including the north of Beichen and a common boundary with Wuqing, Baodi and Ninghe, Beitang sewage river flooding areas including the southeast of Dongli and Dagu sewage river flooding including the north of Xiqing and the south of Jinnen. The main contaminant source of Dagang was the production of coal burning transported over long distances by atmosphere movement, while, crude oil leaking was not the main contaminant source in this oil field. The main PAHs contaminant source in Jinghai County wasthe production of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels which were transported over long distances by atmosphere movement.