典型地区农用地膜残留水平及其形态特征研究

Residue Levels and Morphology of Agricultural Plastic Film in Representative Areas of China

选取黑龙江和河北等使用农用地膜的典型地区,对温室大棚、蔬菜田和作物田农用地膜使用及残留情况进行了调查研究。结果表明,这些地区在相应地块上所从事的农事活动及农膜使用上具有一定的相似性。残膜尺寸大小一般集中在5～15cm左右。农用地膜使用后,其表面出现龟裂、分层现象。黑龙江地区温室大棚、蔬菜田和作物田中土壤残留地膜的平均水平分别为4122.3、3660.1和2497.3g·hm-2;河北保定、邯郸地区温室大棚、蔬菜田及作物田土壤残留地膜的水平分别为5629.5、7369.5和2821.8g·hm-2,两地区使用农膜地块残留地膜水平显著高于相应对照土壤。研究结果还表明,河北受调查的三种农田农用地膜平均残留水平普遍高于黑龙江相应农田残留平均水平,两地对照土壤中平均残留水平均很低。

The representative areas of Heilongjiang and Hebei Provinces were selected to investigate contamination and morphology of residues of agricultural plastic films. Agricultural management and ways on the film application were similar in the above-mentioned areas. The sizes of film residues were mostly in arange of 5～15 cm. In the sampled areas of Heilongjiang Province, the residue levels were 4 122.3, 3 660.1 and 2 497.3 g·hm-2 in greenhouse fields, vegetable fields and crop fields, respectively. In the sampled areas of Hebei Province, the residue levels were 5 629.5, 7 369.5 and 2 821.8 g·hm-2 in greenhouse fields, vegetable fields and crop fields, respectively. The average amounts of the film residues in greenhouse fields were in the highest in Heilongjiang Province. In Hebei Province, average levels of the mulch residues were in the highest in vegetable fields. The average residue levels for all kinds of fields in HebeiProvince were greater than that in Heilongjiang Province. Residue levels of thefilm were all very low in the reference areas (areas where mulch film has not been applied).