新疆和卓之乱与清朝的治乱

The Hezhuo Rebellion and the Qing Dynasty's Taming of the Rebels

新疆境内的和卓家族是在 16世纪 2 0年代从中亚地区渗入的。由于披着所谓“圣裔”的外衣 ,所以他们起初对于当地的广大穆斯林具有较大的号召力和欺骗性。和卓家族在思想上具有强烈的政教合一的色彩 ,借助政权巩固教权 ,利用教权控制政权 ;教派之争通常引发政局动荡和社会的动乱。这一点与清朝大一统国家的发展趋势是格格不入的。和卓家族在一次次的作乱中 ,反动本质暴露无遗 ,最终走向了自我毁灭 ,而清朝在治乱过程中的经验和教训也是值得认真总结的。

The Hezhuo family infiltrated into the domain of Xinjiang in the 1520's. In the beginning, under the guise of the so-called “holy descendents”, they were relatively appealing and deceptive to local Muslems. The Hezhuo family tended aggressively to practice an ideology of amalgamation of religion with politics to consolidate church power with the help of political power and control political power by means of church power. Hence frequent confilcts between different religious sects, which often stirred up turmoils in politics and society. All their practices went against the Qing Dynasty's government of the unified nation. The Hezhuo family revealed their reactionary true features in repeated riots and was doomed to a final self-destruction. Meanwhile, the Qing Dynasty's experience and lesson from taming the riots are also well worth seriously summarizing.