由行为方式向文本方式的变迁——论中国古代文体分类的生成方式

Conversion from form of Behaviour to Form of Text——A View of the Form of Generation of the Classification of Ancient Chinese Styles

以《尚书》与《诗经》文体分类的生成过程为例考察中国古代文体分类的一种生成方式 ,即由行为方式向文本方式的变迁。中国古代文体分类的原初形态无疑是以不同的“言说”方式作为分类标准的 ;当一种“言说”方式被人们约定俗成地确认为某一“类名”以后 ,与这种“言说”方式相对应的文辞方式就形成具有特定文体形态特征的文本方式 ;于是人们将文本方式相类似的篇章类聚到共同的“类名”之中 ,“以类相从”地区分不同类型的文体 ,从而形成一定的文体序列。经由行为方式向文本方式的变迁 ,文体分类的社会性特征深深地蕴藏于文体的文本方式之中 ,并由文体独特的行为方式及其社会功能得以彰显。

This paper investegates the conversion of form of generation of the classification of ancient Chinese styles, namely, from form of bahaviour to form of text, exemplified with the “Shangshu” and the “Book of Songs”. In ancient times, the primitive classification of Chinese styles was typologized with “verbalization”. When a style of “verbalization” was widely accepted as the “categorized title”, the manner of wording relevant to the style of “verbalization” would shape the text in a specific style. In this way, texts in a similar style were collected under a common “categorized title” while different styles were specified in those areas of “classifying by category”. Hence the shaping of arrays of particular styles. Through conversion from form of behaviour to form of text, social characteristics were deeply rooted in stylistic texts and would be projected by the distinct form of behaviour and social fuction of the style.