从“生活决定意识”看马克思的哲学革命的性质

Read the Essentiality of Marx's Philosophical Revolution in the Thesis "Consciousness Is Determined by Life"

如何理解马克思的哲学革命的根本性质的问题关系到马克思学说的基本意义。马克思学说的最高成就是以历史唯物主义基本原理开启当代哲学问题的基本视域。在这个视域中,人们必须真正进入对知识的存在论性质的思考。惟有通过这样的思考,一个向来被“对象世界”所遮蔽的“生活世界”才可能呈现出来。由于这个世界的呈现,历史唯物主义以之为前提的哲学革命才能被认识清楚,并进而能够理解历史唯物主义导向一种新类型的知识,而这种“真正的知识”应当通过建立“生活世界的科学”(即“历史科学”)去获得。

The essence of Marx's revolution of philosophy is related to the fundamental meaning of Marx's theory. The summit achievement of Marx's thinking is the opening of the contemporary philosophical perspective based on the historical materialism. In this perspective, we must enter the thinking of knowledge's ontological properties. Through this thinking we can find the 'Lebenswelt', which has been covered by the 'objective world'. Because of the recovery of the 'Lebenswelt', Marx's revolution of philosophy can be understood in its real meaning, and furthermore, a road to a new kind of knowledge can manifest itself. The new kind of knowledge is called 'genuine knowledge' by Marx, who thought it should be acquired through the establishment of 'the sciences of Lebenswelt', i.e. 'the historical sciences'.