基于仿生学的建筑物智能结构系统初探

Study on Intelligent Structure System of Architecture Based on Bionics

讨论了赋予建筑物以智能结构系统的必然性与可行性,并结合仿生学的研究,探讨了建筑物智能结构系统的结构组成。通过介绍一些技术上相对比较成熟的智能材料,诸如光导纤维、碳纤维混凝土等传感和驱动材料,为建筑物智能结构系统的建立,提供了物质材料上的支持。通过对生命现象的模仿,本文将建筑物智能结构系统细分为以下几个部分:神经系统式的传感、神经网络式的分析思维、肌肉组织式的驱动、自愈合、有机材料以及多种智能材料的集成。此外,本文还指出,将仿生学同建筑材料与结构的发展相结合,建立建筑物智能结构系统,不仅为建筑物提供更加有效的安全保障,还为人类与自然和谐共处提供了一个发展方向。

This paper discussed the necessity and possibility to build architecture with Intelligent Structure System, and probed the components of Intelligent Structure System of Architecture, based on the study of biological evolution. The study of biological evolution shows that the mode of biological evolution changed when the tool was invented. By using tools, human being adapted themselves actively to the environment without change the gene in body. As a result, the evolution of tool kept the same step with the human evolution. The more complicated the tool is, the more intelligent it will be. To provide matter materials support for the Intelligent Structure System of Architecture, this paper introduced some newly developed intelligent materials, such as optical fiber, carbon fiber reinforced concrete. Only based on these intelligent materials, can the architecture sense and react to the change of environment. By imitating life situation, the Intelligent Structure System of Architecture was divided into the parts as follows: sensing like nervous system, analyzing like neural network, driving as musculature, self-concrescence, integration of intelligent materials. With all of these parts, the Intelligent Structure System of Architecture has the basic characteristics of creature, and that is'feeling, thinking and reacting'. Furthermore, it was pointed out that setting up Intelligent Structure System of Architecture would not only supply more effective security for the architecture, but also offer a development direction of the harmonious coexistence between human and nature.