宪法解释主体论

On the Subject of Constitutional Interpretation

宪法解释主体理论存有两种,即民主理论与自由宪政理论。本文对宪法的立法解释之是非与宪法的司法解释之是非作了分析说明,认为司法者而非立法者能更好地理解和解释宪法。重点对我国宪法解释的制度设计与理论之争及模式选择与建构进行了研究,认为在世界各国通行的三种模式中,立法解释模式与普通法院解释模式实际上被排除在了选择之外,惟一可行的模式就是欧洲模式:建立专门的宪法解释的法院或机构。

The subject theories of constitutional interpretation are democracy theory and free constitutionalism theory. We think that our structural design of judiciary in our constitution negates the possibility of Supreme People's Court as subject of constitutional interpretation. It is also unreal to take Supreme People' s Court as subject of constitutional interpretation under the background of the present judicial system. In our country, both national supreme organ of power and the supreme judicial organ are not suitable to own the right of constitutional interpretation, so subject of constitutional interpretation must be redesigned and reconstructed. Legislative interpretation' s model and common court's interpretation's model are both excluded beyond choice in three world popular models. The only practicable model is supreme model of establishing the specialized court or organ for constitutional interpretation.