我国电厂排取水口规划特色及其水力热力特性

Some features of intake-outlet planning in China and their thermo-hydraulic behaviors

关于排水口出水掺混扩散的数值模拟和水槽试验,前人已做很多工作,并有大量文献报导。火/核电厂冷却水的温排放,有异于一般的污水排放在于取水口与排水口在同一工程中同时存在,取水流量与排水流量相同;而取水水质(水温)又是判定工程效果的一个关键因素。本文便是水科院数十年在电厂冷却水排取水口布置上大量科研及工程实践的总结。文中提出了重叠式、差位式各种新型有效工程布置的规划指导思想、布置原则,并通过具体工程实例阐明布置的水力热力特性。文章强调了这样一个观点:一个先进的排取水口规划设计只能建立在对环境水域充分了解的基础上。

Outfalls of heated effluent of power plants should be usually investigated with the intakes and the intake water quality is a very important parameter concermed in the study. A summary of the engineering planning of such intake-outlet systems in China is presented. Basic ideas leading to several new types of arrangements of hydraulic structures are introduced. It is suggested to design separate water channels ,one for heated water from outfall and another for cool water to intake . Examples of engineering application of thermal stratification and 'separated flowing passage' design principle are shown. Emphasis is laid on the thorough understanding of the hydraulic behavior of the environment water body.