白鱀豚的现状和三峡工程对白鱀豚的影响评价及保护对策

APPRAISAL OF THE INFIUENCE-UPON BAIJI, LiPOTES VEXILLIFER BY THE THREE-GORGE PRoJECT AND CONSERVATION STRATEGY

本文评价了白(既鱼)豚的现状。白(既鱼)豚目前仅存约Z00头,其种群数量仍在进一步下降之中。白(既鱼)豚的分布上限为湖北枝城,下限为江苏浏河口,分布型式为间断性分布。三峡工程对白(既鱼)豚的影响是间接的。受建坝后坝下河床冲刷的影响,白(既鱼)豚的分布范围将压缩155km,分布上限下移至新厂,约5％的白(既鱼)豚将被迫迁移。由于航道条件改善,运输船只增加,白(既鱼)豚被螺旋桨击毙的威胁加大。此外,鱼类资源受到不利影响会间接影响到白(既鱼)豚。建立长江天鹅洲半自然保护区是一可行、有效、富有特色的保护对策。

The Three-gorge Project is the focus of world attention. Which kind of influence upon the rare animal-baiji, Lipotes vexillifer in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River will be exerted by the project? What kind of conservation strategy and action plan will be taken? All of these are always concerned by people. The questions are anwsered in this paper and the situation of baiji's population are re-estimated as well. The population size of baiji is only about 200 left with still going down. Upper range of distribution of the dolphin is Zhicheng Hubei, and lower of that is Liuhekou, Jiangsu. Type of the distribution is disconnect. The influences of the project are indirect. The upper range of distribution will be moved down 155 km to Shishou, Hubei. About 5% of the population have to move. The threat of baiji killed by propellers will obviously be increased because of the improvment of shipping condition and growth of ships after the project being finished in the middle Changjiang. Moreover, it will also effect baiji indirectly that the fish source goes down. The conservation strategy to build the Tian-e-zhou semi-natural reserve which is feasible and effective is recommanded.