从《镜花缘》看清代男权话语中的女性理想

A View of Female Ideals in Male-dominant Discourse of the Qing Dynasty Based on the Novel Jing Hua Yuan

《镜花缘》作为我国小说史上一部关注女性命运、探讨女性问题的重要而优秀的作品,体现出了作者无法脱离时代可能性又高出于时代规定性的性别意识,初步构建了明清时期开明文人的一种诗意的并具备叛逆色彩的女性理想。但同时由于作者理想与时代局限性的冲突,作品中也不可避免地表露了清代男权话语中对女性理想的矛盾态度。可以说,这种女性理想,是作者个体理想与历史文化积淀、时代风尚追求以及作者男性角度局限等多种因素冲突与调适的特定产物。

The novel, Jin Hua Yuan, an excellent one in the history of Chinese literature, was concerned about female fate and discussed female problems. The author had a sense of sex consciousness, unable to break away from the times but beyond the restriction of the times. A kind of poetic but rebellious female ideal was primarily created by enlightened bookmen in the Dynasties of Ming and Qing. Because of the conflict of the author's ideal and times, the works inevitably revealed the contradictive attitude toward female ideal in male-dominant discourse of the Qing Dynasty. As it were, such female ideal was a given product because of conflict and adjustment of various elements, including the author's individual ideal and historical culture accumulation, pursuit of fashion and the author's limit as a male.