论宋代官府的食盐零售体制及其对消费者利益的侵害

On the Retailing System of Common Salt of Feudal Official in the Song Dynasty and Its Violation to the Interest of Customers

宋代因“三冗”问题所引起的每年巨额的财政开支，迫使政府想尽一切办法开辟财源，增加财政收入。其中，盐利可谓当时最重要的利源，因而朝廷对食盐生产、运销诸环节的控制十分严格，特别在食盐榷禁地区针对广大消费者的食盐零售，广泛地采取了与前代做法有很大不同，且违背消费者意愿的强制配售方式。并在向民户配售官盐的过程中，通过克扣斤两、拌和杂物、虚抬盐价、横敛盐赋等手段多方侵损广大民众的利益。其结果不仅消费者利益受到损害，也使得官盐自身的销售受到影响，却给私盐泛滥以可乘之机。

In the Song Dynasty,the expense of question of“Three Rong”was very big.This compelledgovernment to increase financial income.In them,salt profit was greatest financial resource.Theyused different methods such as reducing weight,mixing impurity,raising salt price,collecting salt taxincorrectly and etc,to harm the interest of customers.