察布查尔县灰钙土的肥力特征及培肥途径

The Fertility Character and Fertilizing Method of Sierozem in Qapqal County of Xinjiang

灰钙土是新疆伊犁河流域重要的土壤资源。察布查尔县有灰钙土15.04×104hm2,其中灌耕灰钙土3.69×104hm2。其肥力特征是:(1)土壤缺氮少磷钾丰富。(2)土壤潜在养分较丰富。(3)灰钙土开垦培肥后,土壤肥力有明显提高,但磷、钾速效养分有下降趋势。(4)土壤缺锌、缺铁,铜丰富。锰、硼丰中有缺。(5)土壤上层养分含量明显高于下层土壤养分含量。培肥途径是:(1)发展农区畜牧业、增施有机肥,实施过腹田培肥土壤。(2)通过多熟立体栽培,增加黄豆、花生、花芸豆等豆类作物茬口,实现既培养地力又增加经济收入双赢目标。(3)推广草田轮作制。有计划安排苜蓿、绿肥、粮食和经济作物裂区轮作。(4)推广平衡施肥技术。

Sierozem is an important soil resource in Ili River valley. There is 15.04×10~4 hm^2 Sierozem in Qapqal County and 3.69×10~4 hm^2 of them are irrigated sierozem. The character of fertility is as follows:(1) The soil is abundant in potassium but short of nitrogen and phosphor. (2) The soil is abundant potential nutrient. (3)After plantation and fertilization of sierozem, the soil fertility was improved obviously, but the nutrient of phosphor and potassium tended to decline. (4) The soil is short of Zn and Fe but rich in Cu. (5) The nutrient content of the upper layer is higher than that of the lower layer. The fertilizing method is as follows:(1) The pasturage will be developed in agricultural region and more organic fertilizer will applied to the soil. (2) More leguminous plants will be added as stubble crops with the aim to improve the fertility soil and increase the economical income. (3)The travopolye crop rotation system will be spread. The rotation of green manwre, alfalf, grain crop and industrial crop will be arranged in a planned way. (4) The technique of balanced fertilization will be spread.