抗菌生物材料的研究进展

Progress in the studies on antibacterial biomaterial

生物高分子材料(医用缝合线、导尿管等)及人工器官(心瓣膜、人工肾等)的应用日益广泛,使用过程中引发的细菌性感染导致诸多严重后果,不容忽视。基于感染机理,人们通过对生物材料表面进行不同的改性,如通过阻止细菌黏附达到抗菌效果、通过干扰细菌细胞的组成取得杀菌效果等,研究了不同的抗菌机理。本文综述了新型有机高分子抗菌剂的发展,提出对生物相容性良好的聚氨酯、聚砜、聚醚砜等材料进行表面改性,使之具有好的抗菌能力,是未来抗菌生物材料的研究与发展方向。

Potentially harmful bacteria abound all around us. Bacteria that attach to surfaces aggregate in a hydrated polymeric matrix of their own synthesis to form biofilms. 45% biomaterial centered infections(BCI) is caused by bacteria. With modern technology, many humans will host a biomaterial, and will therefore be at risk of a biofilm infection. This biofilm may present the need for additional operations, amputation, or it may even lead to death. Based on above, three approaches to prevent bacteria adsorption, by grafting a layer of heparin onto the biomaterial surface, to introduce PEO to the material surface, or to spread albumin on the surface, are introduced. To impregnate materials with silver ions is a good bactericidal method. A novel strategy for creating surfaces which involves covalent coating with long hydrophobic polycationic chains such as N-alkylated poly(4-vinylpyridine) is recommended. These are the first engineered surfaces that have been shown to kill airborne microbes. Also, antibacterial mechanisms are also described.