车辆缓冲器特性研究

Research on the Characteristics of Vehicle Buffers

介绍当前国内外货车缓冲器的发展概况,并以常用的摩擦式缓冲器为例,建立计算模型,详细分析摩擦式缓冲器的力—位移特性,对其冲击机理进行分析研究。分析表明,在进行缓冲器的研究和开发过程中,确定缓冲器的容量、行程、特性曲线形状以及阻抗力时,必须将整个列车系统综合起来考虑,分析缓冲器的动力学特性及列车的冲动机理,从而最大限度地降低列车运行时的纵向冲击力和加速度,以达到缓和车辆间纵向冲击的目的。

The nationwide and worldwide development situations of buffers in freight train are simply introduced. Based on the commonly used friction buffer, its calculating model is established and its characteristics of force-displacement are analyzed in detail. The impact mechanism of the buffer is studied. The analytical results show that, when the capacity, running distance, characteristic curve shape and impedance forces of the buffer are determined, the whole train system must be considered synthetically to analyze dynamics characteristics of the buffer and impulse mechanism of the train during research and development of buffers. Thereby, the longitudinal forces and acceleration of the train are furthest reduced to mitigate the longitudinal impact between vehicles.