旱塬长期施肥对冬小麦产量及土壤养分的影响

Effect of Long—term Fertilization on both Soil Nutrient and Crop Yield of Dry High Land

该文通过8年的小麦连作定位施肥试验,结合室内分析,探讨了施用不同肥料对作物产量和土壤养分的影响。结果表明:1、M、NP、NPM施用能够稳定增产,增产幅度为49.4%～141.6%,以NPM配施效果最好,其次为NP配施;2.M、NP、NPM施用,增加土壤有机质(NP配施影响不大),全氮,碱解氮,速效磷和无机磷组分的含量。N.P单施,只增加土壤相应元素含量。3.在生产中,要提倡NPM配施,在有机肥短缺时,也应做到NP配施。这样才能实现高产培肥的目的。

A long-term experiment was used to investigate the effects of fertilizers and fertilization on both soil nutrientsand crop yield of winter wheat grown in dry highland from 1984 to 1992. The trial treatments was as follows,CK,M,N,P,NP and NPM. Results showed that crop yield was increased stably under the treatment of long-term applyingmanure(M),nitrogen and phosphours (NP) and NPM fertilizer with a range from 49. 4% to 141. 6 %. The most sig-nificant effect of the treatments on yield increase was NPM. The rate of yield increase was 75% and 50% for N and Papplication respectively. Contents of soil organic matter,total N,available N and P went up after M and NPM fertiliza-tion. However,use of N and p individually could only inlarge the amount of the relevent element in soil,but not the or-ganic matter,It is suggested to use NPM mixture in agricultural production pratice and to apply NP mixfure when ma-nure is shortage,which can assure to achieve the aim of high yield and fertile soil.