中条山铜矿尾矿库侵蚀现状及防治措施

Copper Mine and Tailings Storehouse Erosion Features and Its Control Measures in Zhongtiaoshan Mountain

铜矿尾矿库坝高库大,尾沙粒胶结性很差,十分松散,抗蚀能力极弱,在风力和径流作用下,风蚀、水蚀交替发生,坝坡侵蚀模数平均高达8万余t/(km^2·a),库内风蚀模数3～4万t/(km^2·a)。若防护不当,极易发生面蚀、沟蚀,直至垮坝成灾。保持尾矿坝体稳定和各子坝坡、坝顶的完整,是尾矿库尾沙安全存放的关键,从建库初期必须重视坝体结构、子坝护坡护顶及尾矿库保护等各项防蚀措施的建设。覆土利用是根治库区尾矿侵蚀,变害为利的有效措施,在同类或类似矿区应大力推广应用。

Wind erosion and runoff erosion alternatively take place under the action of wind force and runoff force in cop-per mine and tailings storehouse with high dam and big storehouse, and with very loose texture and very low resis-tance to erosion because lack of cement property for tailings sand parts. Soil erosion mudulus reaches 80 000t/km^2.a in the slope of dam meanly, wind erosion mudulus reaches 30 000～40 000t/km^2. a in the inside of storehouse.Surface erosion and gully erosion take place easily if the protective works were not carried out well,which will re- sult in harmfullness. To conserve the stability tailings dam and the integrity of slope and top of dam for every sub-dam is the key for secure storage of tailings storehouse. Attention should be paid to every measure for erosionresistance, such as dam structure, protection of dam slope and dam top of suberdam, and protection of tailingsstorehouse from the start of storehouse construction. Utilization of covering soil on dam is a beneficial measure tocontrol erosion thoroughly around storehouse, and to turn harmfullness into benefity. The measures should bepopularized and applied in the same mine regions on a big scale.