水库种草养鱼与防治水土流失的研究

Study on Controlling Soil and Water Loss and Planting Grass and Fish Culture in the Reservoirs

针对我国南方山丘水库长期以来库区水土流失严重,泥沙淤积量大和库内养鱼饵料缺乏,鲜鱼产量低的问题。作者根据南方水库土壤、气候等特定自然条件,经近20余年,从国内外600多个饲草品种品系中筛选出了适合水库种植的高产优质饲草品种。结果在库内消落区种植杂交黑麦草、纤毛鹅冠草;荒山移植象草、扁穗牛鞭草;堤坝上移植岸杂1号狗牙根;幼林间种植鸡脚草、拉丁鲁白三叶等优质饲草配套养鱼可防治水土流失。库内鲜鱼产量由种草前常年1000kg左右提高到7000～8000kg,泥沙淤积量每年减少5160m^3,经济、生态效益显著。

Aiming at serious soil and water loss, a lot of sediment deposition, shortage of fish feed and low output of fresh fish in the reservoirs of South China, based on the local natural condition of soil and climate etc. The authors selected some high-yield and good-quality breeds planted in the reservoirs from over 600 breeds of fodder grass during over 20 years. The results show, planting Lolium×Hybribum Hausskn and Roegeneria ciliaris (Trin) Nevski in the fallen sections of reservoir, Pennisetum purpureum Schumach and Hemarthria compressa (L. F. ) R. Br. on the dyke and dam, Dacttylis glomerata L. and Trifolium repens L. in the young forest land, which can prevent soil and water loss, the yield of fresh fish has been increased by 1000 kilogram to 7000～8000 kilogram, the sediment deposition is decreased by 5 160m^3/a, and the significant economic and ecological benefits have been achieved.