生物技术与医学模式变革:迈向再生医学时代

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND TRANSFORMATION OF THE MODE OF MEDICINE: TOWARD THE NEW ERA OF REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

基因工程、细胞工程、组织工程和整体动物工程等新的生物技术使医学模式发生变革,从以化学药物加手术刀为主要治疗手段的传统医学模式,迈向以基因治疗、细胞移植或生物人工组织器官移植为主要的治疗手段的"再生医学"模式。使用基因工程技术生产各种重组蛋白药物或疫苗越来越广泛地应用于临床。人类基因组计划(HGP)将在2003年完成全部高质量的基因组序列,HGP所开发的资源将对未来的20年的医学领域药物开发、疾病诊断、疾病易感性预测、个体化疾病预防及治疗方案设计等方面都产生巨大的影响。基因治疗从简单的单基因形式走向一整套基因的替代的复杂形式。DNA微阵列和蛋白组微阵列等科学研究技术将应用于临床诊断。核移植技术正在用于培养通用干细胞,用于移植以治疗艾滋病、糖尿病和帕金森氏病等难治性疾病。通过干细胞移植可以再生受损的组织器官。在体外构建可供移植的生物人工组织器官以取代丧失功能的组织器官,这正是组织工程的目标。再生医学存在不少科学技术困难和伦理问题。新的生物技术不仅给我们带来希望,而且还带我们带来不可预测危险。

The transformation of the mode of medicine, which is switching from the traditional medicine mainly based upon chemical medicinal and surgical therapy to the regenerative medicine mainly based upon gene therapy, cell transplantation and grafting bio - artificial tissue or organ, has been started up by the new biotechnology, including the engineering of gene, cell, tissue and whole animal. The biopharmaceutical drugs and vaccines are being used.broadly in clinic. Human Gcnome Project (HGP) will be completed in 2003 with all high - quality sequence of human genome available. The resources developed by HGP will promote greatly the human genome available. The resources developed by HGP will promote greatly the practice of medicine in the next 20 years in all the fields, including the development of biopharmaceuticaldrugs, disease diagnosis, prediction of disease susceptibility, plan - making for prevention and treatment for every each individual. Gene therapy will develop from single gene procedure to whole set of genes replacement. DNA micro - array and pmteome micro- array, the techniques used for research only, will be applied to clinical diagnosis. Nucleus transfer technique is being used to create universal stem cells in line for trausplantation for the treatment of AIDS, diabetes, Parkinson's diaease et al. The damaged tissue or organ will be regenerated by transplanted stem cells. The aim of tissue engineering is replacement of the failed tissues or organs with bioartifitial tissues or organs in vitro constructed. Regenerative medicine is facing a lot of scientific an technical pmboems as well as ethical issues. New biotechnologies give human being not only hopes but also unpredictabe risks.