维生素A缺乏胎鼠作为先天性心脏病动物模型的实验研究

The Study of Rat Embryos with Vitamin A Deficiency as an Animal Model of Congenital Heart Disease

目的 探讨将维生素Ａ缺乏（ＶＡＤ）胎鼠作为先天性心脏病动物模型的可行性。方法取１１－１９ｄ不同胎龄正常及ＶＡＤ胎鼠心脏经石蜡包埋、切片及 ＨＥ染色观察其发育情况。结果 １．实验组饲料含维生素Ａ（ＶＡ）７μｇ／１００ｇ，经ＶＡＤ饮食喂养后实验组大鼠血清ＶＡ水平明显低于对照组［（０．１６８±０．０５９）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｖｓ（２．１８±０．２３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｔ＝３２．８８， Ｐ＜０．００１］。 ２．大鼠死亡百分比：饲养于屏障系统的ＶＡＤ大鼠死亡百分比较饲养于开放系统中的要低４．６倍（１０％ Ｖｓ ４５．８３％．ｘ ２＝１６．６４， Ｐ＜０．００１），对照组为０。 ３．实验组大鼠受孕百分比及每只孕鼠产仔数均低于对照组［５８．３３％ Ｖｓ ８１．５％， ｘ ２＝４．３７，Ｐ＜０．０５：（６．９７±２．７９） Ｖｓ（１３ ±１．０５），ｔ＝７．１６， Ｐ＜０．００１］。 ４．经切片观察１１～１５ ｄ胎龄胎鼠实验组心脏出现明显发育延迟的占３６．６７％， １６～１９ ｄ胎龄胎鼠实验组心脏畸形占４１．４３％，血管异常占１８．５７％。结论ＶＡＤ胎鼠可用来作为先天性心脏病动物模型，但需改进饲养环境以减少异常死亡。

Objective To find out the feasibility of rat embryos with vitamin A deficiency (VAD) as an animal model of congenital heart disease. Methods Both normal and VAD rat embryos were taken out in different embryonic days (ED). After embedding in paraffin, serial sections and HE staining were done to observe the development of the embryonic heart. Results 1 .The prepared diet of VAD group contained 7μg vitamin A(VA)/ 100g diet. After feeding with VAD diet, the serum VA concentrations of rats in VAD group were obviously lower than in control group [(0. 168 ± 0.059) μmol/L Vs (2.18 ± 0.23) μmol/L, t=32.88, P<0.001]. 2.The percentage of death: rats of control group all surivived; VAD rats maintained in barrier environment survived up tO 4.6 times longer than in open environment (10% Vs 45.83%,'x2=16.64, P<0.001). 3. The percentage of pregnant and the litter number of every maternal rat in VAD were lower than the control[58.33% Vs 81.5%,x2=4.37, P<0.05][6.97 ± 2.79) Vs (13 ± 1.05), t=7.16, P＜0.001]. 4.The histologic study showed that in VAD group 36.67 percent of embryos appeared obviously delay in the heart development during ED11 to ED15, while during ED16 to ED19 41 .43 percent of embryos showed heart malformation and 18.57 percent of embryos showed anomalies of the vascular system. Conclusion it seems that VAD embryos can be regarded as an animal model of congenital heart disease, but it needs to improve the feeding sanitation to reduce abnormal deaths.