异体字(“重文”)漫议

Informal Discussion on Variants of Chinese Characters

《说文》的异体字 (“重文”)和现代异体字有着错综复杂的对应关系。就现代异体字情况看 ,它与繁简字、古今字、通假字、分化字、错讹字、新旧字形等多种文字现象有关涉。异体字是有历史层次的 ,应从历史发展的观点看待异体字。从研读古籍和文字使用方面看 ,应分清全同异体字和部分异体字。从整理异体字角度看 ,《说文》是历史上第一次对异体字进行了大规模的整理 ,开创了历史的先例 ,给我们很多有益的启示。

It is found that there's an intricate corresponding relationship between the modern variants and the ones in Origin of Chinese Characters (called CHONGWEN).As far as the modern variants are concerned,they have connection with many phenomena of characters,such as the original complex and simplified forms of Chinese characters,ancient and present characters,homophones of interchangeable characters,characters in error,old and new character patterns.From the research,the author finds that variants have their historical gradation,So we should consider them from the view point of historical development.From the angle of reading ancient books,it is necessary to distinguish the fully identical characters from partially identical ones.From the aspect of arranging the variants of Chinese characters,Origin of Chinese Characters did it for the first time,which sets the precedent and gives us lots of beneficial inspiration.