温室效应与全球变化(四)——通过国际谈判与合作减少全球人为二氧化碳的排放

Greenhouse Effects and Global Changes(4) Reduction of Global Carbon Dioxide Emission Through International Negotiations & Cooperation

在限制人为二氧化碳的排放以控制全球变化的问题上,发达国家与发展中国家之间存在着尖锐的利益冲突。目前,大气中人为增加的二氧化碳绝大中份是发达国家在过去150年内排被的,它们目前的排放量仍占全球人为排放量的四分之三。发展中国家在经济发展过程中不可避免地要增加二氧化碳的排放量,这是它们正当的发展权利。作者讨论了各种限制人为二氧化碳排放的国际协定方案,认为可交易的二氧化碳排放许可证制度是比较现实的方案。

There is a great conflict of interests between developed and developing countries on the problem of how to limit the artificial emission of CO_2 and how to control artificially-induced global changes. The artificial contribution of CO_2 to the atmosphere has resulted, for the most part, from the emission of CO_2 in the last 150 years by the developed countries. The present emission of CO_2 by the developed countries still accounts for 3/4 of the total global emission. It is inevitable for some developing countries to increase the emission of CO_2 in the process of economic development. It is quite understandable and it is also entirely justified to properly inerease the emission of CO_2 in their economic development. The authors examined various schemes of international agreements and suggest that the feasible scheme is to issue licenses for CO_2 emission trade.