江淮下游地区小麦主要农艺性状的配合力及遗传力分析

Analysis on Combining Ability and Heritability for Main Agronomic Traits of Wheat in the Lower Region of the Yangtze and Huai River

利用不完全双列杂交法分析了 1 2个育种亲本 8个农艺性状的配合力和遗传力 ,结果表明 :双亲的一般配合力效应各性状均达极显著水准 ;而组合的特殊配合力效应只有 4性状极显著 ;各亲本各性状的一般配合力 :株高以苏麦 6号等 4个亲本 ,成熟期以扬麦 5号等 3个亲本 ,穗长以宁麦 8号等 6个亲本 ,小穗数以宁麦 8号等 5个亲本 ,穗粒数以宁麦 8号等 5个亲本 ,千粒重以苏麦 6号等 4个亲本 ,单株重和株粒重以 940 3等 6个亲本较高 (好 ) ;特殊配合力 :株高、千粒重、单株重和株粒重较高的组合分别有 3、 1 2、 8和 3个 ;各性状除单株重和株粒重外 ,群体一般配合力方差均明显高于特殊配合力方差 ,且狭义遗传力大多在 60 %以上 ;而单株重和株粒重的群体一般配合力方差和狭义遗传力均明显较小。

Using 32F 1 hybrids derived from incomplete diallel cross with 12 wheat varieties, the combining ability and heritability of 8 main agronomic traits are analyzed with purpose of providing information for wheat breeding in the lower region of the Yangtze and Huai River. The results show that general combining ability of all 8 characters for parents are significantly different, and specific combining ability of 4 characters for, crosses are significantly different. General combining ability of plant height for Sumai 6 and other 3 parents maturity for Yangmai 5 and other 2 parents, spike length for Ningmai 8 and other 5 parents, grain number per spike for Ningmai 8 and other 4 parents, 1000 grain weight for Sumai 6 and other 3 parents, weightper plant and grain weight per plant for 9 403 and other 5 parents, are significantly above the average. There are 3,12,8 and 3 combinations with good specific combining ability for plant height, 1 000 grain weight, weight per plant and grain weight per plant respectively. For each trait except for weight per plant and grain weight per plant, variance of general combining ability is significantly higher than that of specific combining ability and narrow heritability is over 60%. Variance of general combining ability and narrow heritability of weight per plant and grain weight per plant are small.