观察法在社会科学研究中的应用

The Application of Observation method in the Study of Social Science

观察法是观察者为了验证某些理论假设而有计划地对社会现象进行察看的社会调查方法。观察法有其他研究方法无法取代的优势，也有独特的局限性。为了扬长避短，需要在实施现察法时坚持客观性原则、全面性原则、高信度原则、目的性原则和计划性原则。旁现现察法和参与观察法是观察法的主要形式。

The observation method is a hypothetical and planned social investigation method for observers to testify some theories and to observe the society. The observation method possesses some superiority which can't be replaced by other methods, and possesses its unique limitations. In order to foster strengths and circumvent weaknesses, when we put the observation method into effect, we must insist on the principle of an objective survey, an overall survey, a survey with high trust, a target survey and a planned survey. The main observation methods are the observation of spectating and the observation of participation.