北京方庄社区婴幼儿早期教育效果初步观察

Effect of early education on infant's intellectual development in Fang Zhuang Community

目的 探讨城市社区婴幼儿早期教育的效果。方法 １９９７ 年６ 月至１９９８ 年１ 月在北京方庄社区出生的７９ 名正常新生儿为早期教育组（ 早教组），１９９７ 年１ 月至５ 月同社区出生的８６ 名健康常规育儿的儿童为对照组。早教组通过指导家长，从新生儿期开始接受包括运动、认知、语言和社会交往能力等方面的早期教育。１ 岁半时两组儿童接受婴幼儿智力测验（ＣＤＣＣ）。结果 在体格发育和文化社会因素方面，两组无显著差别。而智力测定结果显示，早教组的智能发育指数（ＭＤＩ） 和心理运动发育指数（ＰＤＩ）分别比对照组高１９ ．６ 分和１０ ．１ 分，两组差别非常显著，且早教组中ＭＤＩ≥１３０ 分（非常优秀） 者３１名（３９ ．２％ ）而对照组中只有５ 名（５ ．８ ％） 。结论 城市社区开展婴幼儿早期教育是有效和可行的。

Objective To study the effect of early education on infants intellectual development in urban communities. Methods Seventy-nine normal infants born in Fang Zhuang Community from July 1997 to Jan. 1998 were set as the early education group. Eighty-six healthy infants with conventional care who were born in the same community from Jan. 1996 to May 1997 were set as the control group. Parents were taught to carry out the early educational program beginning from the newborn period, which included motor, cognitive, speech development and social behavior. At the age of one and a half, all infants in the two groups received infant development tests of Child Development Center of China (CDCC).Results There were no significant difference in physical development, and cultural and social factors between the two groups. Intelligence tests at the age of one and a half showed that the average mental development index (MDI) and psychomotor mental development index (PDI) in the early educational group were 19.6 and 10.1 higher than those in the control group respectively. There were 31 infants (39.2%) with MDI≥130 (superexcellent) in the early educational group while there were only 5 superexcellent infants (5.8%) in the control group.Conclusions Early education for newborn infants is effective and feasible in urban communities.